5 Easy Ways to Remove Paint from Shoes

5 Easy Ways to Remove Paint from Shoes

Oops, did you accidentally get paint on your shoes? Don’t panic! Removing paint from shoes can be a breeze with the right techniques. Whether you’re dealing with fresh or dried paint, there are effective ways to restore your shoes to their former glory. Let’s dive right in and explore the various methods you can use to get paint off your beloved footwear.

For fresh paint, time is of the essence. Act quickly to prevent the paint from setting into the material of your shoes. If the paint is water-based, dampen a clean cloth and gently blot the affected area. Avoid rubbing, as this can spread the paint further. For oil-based paint, use a cotton ball dipped in rubbing alcohol or nail polish remover and dab it onto the paint. Test an inconspicuous area first to ensure the solution doesn’t damage the shoe material. Once the paint has softened, use a damp cloth to wipe it away.

If the paint has dried, removing it will require a little more effort. Start by using a plastic scraper or a dull knife to gently scrape off any excess paint. Be careful not to scratch the surface of the shoe. For stubborn paint, you can try using a commercial paint remover specifically designed for shoes. Follow the instructions on the product label carefully and test it in a hidden area before applying it to the affected area. Once the paint remover has softened the paint, use a damp cloth to wipe it away. Finish by cleaning the shoes with a mild soap solution and let them air dry completely.

Effective Home Remedies

1. Acetone or Nail Polish Remover

Acetone is a powerful solvent that can dissolve paint quickly and effectively. It is commonly used in nail polish removers, so you may already have some on hand. However, acetone can be harsh on skin, so it is important to take precautions. Wear gloves and work in a well-ventilated area. To use acetone, apply a small amount to a cotton ball or cloth and gently rub it over the paint stain. Be careful not to rub too hard, as this can damage the shoe material. If the paint is still not coming off, you can try using a stronger solvent, such as lacquer thinner or paint stripper. However, these solvents are even more harsh than acetone, so they should be used with extreme caution.

Tips for Using Acetone

Test the acetone on a small, inconspicuous area of the shoe first.
Work in a well-ventilated area.
Wear gloves to protect your skin.
Apply the acetone with a cotton ball or cloth.
Gently rub the paint stain.
If the paint is still not coming off, try using a stronger solvent.

Commercial Paint Removers

Commercial paint removers are effective but harsh chemicals that melt or soften the paint, making it easier to remove. However, they can also damage the shoe material, so it’s important to test them on an inconspicuous area first. Some popular commercial paint removers include:

  • Paint thinner: A powerful solvent that can remove most types of paint, but it can also be corrosive to some materials.
  • Denatured alcohol: A less harsh solvent that is effective on latex and acrylic paints.
  • Nail polish remover: Contains acetone, which can dissolve some types of paint, but it can also dry out the leather.

Safety Precautions

When using commercial paint removers, it’s essential to take the following safety precautions:

  • Wear gloves, eye protection, and a mask.
  • Work in a well-ventilated area.
  • Avoid contact with skin or eyes.
  • Follow the manufacturer’s instructions carefully.

Directions for Use

To use commercial paint removers, follow these steps:

  1. Apply the remover to a cotton ball or rag.
  2. Test the remover on an inconspicuous area of the shoe.
  3. If the test area remains undamaged, apply the remover to the paint stain and let it sit for the recommended amount of time.
  4. Gently scrape or rub the paint away using a soft cloth.
  5. Rinse the area with water and wipe it dry.
Paint Type Suitable Remover
Latex Denatured alcohol, nail polish remover
Acrylic Denatured alcohol, paint thinner
Oil-based Paint thinner

Gentle Abrasives

If you’re dealing with dried-on paint, sometimes the best way to remove it from shoes is to use gentle abrasives. These materials will help to break down the paint and lift it from the surface of your shoes.

Here are a few ways to use gentle abrasives to remove paint from shoes:

  1. Toothpaste: Toothpaste is a mild abrasive that can be used to remove dried-on paint. Simply apply a small amount of toothpaste to the paint stain and rub it in gently with a soft cloth. Rinse the area with water and repeat if necessary.
  2. Baking soda: Baking soda is another mild abrasive that can be used to remove paint from shoes. Make a paste by mixing baking soda with a little water and apply it to the paint stain. Rub the paste in gently with a soft cloth and rinse with water.
  3. Melamine sponge: Melamine sponges are a type of abrasive sponge that can be used to remove paint from shoes. Simply wet the sponge and gently rub it over the paint stain. The melamine foam will help to break down the paint and lift it from the surface of your shoes.

It’s important to note that gentle abrasives should only be used on smooth, non-porous surfaces. If you’re unsure whether the abrasive is safe to use on your shoes, test it on a small, inconspicuous area first.

Gentle Abrasive How to Use
Toothpaste Apply a small amount to the paint stain and rub it in gently with a soft cloth. Rinse with water.
Baking soda Make a paste by mixing baking soda with a little water and apply it to the paint stain. Rub the paste in gently with a soft cloth and rinse with water.
Melamine sponge Wet the sponge and gently rub it over the paint stain. The melamine foam will help to break down the paint and lift it from the surface of your shoes.

Heat Treatment

Heat treatment is a method of removing paint from shoes by using heat to soften the paint and make it easier to remove. This method is best suited for shoes that are made of heat-resistant materials, such as leather or synthetic fabrics.

To remove paint from shoes using heat treatment, you will need:

  1. A heat gun or hair dryer
  2. A putty knife or plastic scraper
  3. A clean cloth

Instructions:

  1. Set the heat gun or hair dryer to a low setting.
  2. Hold the heat gun or hair dryer about 6 inches away from the shoe and move it back and forth until the paint begins to soften.
  3. Use the putty knife or plastic scraper to gently scrape away the softened paint.
  4. Wipe away any remaining paint with a clean cloth.

Tips for using heat treatment to remove paint from shoes:

  1. Be careful not to hold the heat gun or hair dryer too close to the shoe, as this can damage the material.
  2. Test the heat setting on an inconspicuous area of the shoe first to make sure it does not damage the material.
  3. Work in a well-ventilated area, as the fumes from the paint can be harmful.
  4. Do not use heat treatment on shoes that are made of delicate materials, such as silk or lace.

Steam Cleaning

For more delicate materials like suede or leather, steam cleaning can be an effective way to remove paint without damaging the fabric. Here’s a step-by-step guide on how to steam clean paint from shoes:

1. Gather Materials

You’ll need a steamer, a clean cloth or towel, and a paint remover (optional).

2. Prepare the Shoe

Remove any loose paint chips or flakes with a brush or cloth. If the paint is deeply embedded, you may want to apply a paint remover to the affected area and let it sit for a few minutes (follow the manufacturer’s instructions carefully).

3. Set Up the Steamer

Fill the steamer with water and turn it on. Wait for it to heat up and produce steam.

4. Steam the Shoe

Hold the steamer close to the painted area and gently move it back and forth. The steam will help to soften the paint and loosen its bond with the fabric.

5. Wipe Away the Paint

As the paint begins to soften, use a clean cloth or towel to wipe it away. Avoid scrubbing or using excessive force, as this could damage the fabric. Repeat steps 4 and 5 until all the paint has been removed.

6. Rinse and Dry

Once the paint is gone, rinse the shoe with clean water to remove any remaining steam or paint remover. Allow the shoe to air dry completely before wearing it.

Solvents

Solvents are powerful chemicals that can dissolve paint, making them an effective option for removing paint from shoes. However, it’s important to use solvents with caution, as they can also damage the material of your shoes if not used properly.

Here are some tips for using solvents to remove paint from shoes:

Solvent Suitable for
Acetone Oil-based paints
Rubbing alcohol Water-based paints, latex paints
Mineral spirits Oil-based paints, enamel paints

1. Test the solvent on an inconspicuous area of the shoe to make sure it doesn’t damage the material.

2. Apply the solvent to a clean cloth or sponge and gently rub the paint stain.

3. Rinse the area with water and dry thoroughly.

4. Repeat steps 2 and 3 as necessary until the paint stain is removed.

5. If the paint stain is stubborn, you may need to use a stronger solvent or scrub more vigorously. However, be careful not to damage the material of your shoes.

6. Once the paint stain is removed, apply a shoe conditioner to protect the leather and prevent it from drying out.

7. It’s important to note that solvents can be harmful if inhaled or ingested. Always use solvents in a well-ventilated area and wear protective gear, such as gloves and a mask, when using them.

Degreasers

Degreasers are powerful solvents that can quickly dissolve paint. They are available in both liquid and aerosol form. To use a degreaser to remove paint from shoes, simply apply the degreaser to a clean cloth and rub it over the paint stain. The paint should dissolve quickly and easily. Be sure to rinse the shoes thoroughly with water after using a degreaser, as the chemicals can be harmful to your skin.

Types of Degreasers

There are many different types of degreasers available, each with its own unique properties. Some of the most common types of degreasers include:

Type of Degreaser Benefits Drawbacks
Citrus-based degreasers Non-toxic, biodegradable, safe for use on most surfaces Can be less effective than other types of degreasers
Solvent-based degreasers Powerful, fast-acting, can remove tough stains Toxic, flammable, can damage some surfaces
Water-based degreasers Non-toxic, biodegradable, safe for use on most surfaces Can be less effective than other types of degreasers

Choosing the Right Degreaser

When choosing a degreaser to remove paint from shoes, it is important to consider the type of paint, the surface of the shoes, and the amount of time you have available. If the paint is fresh, you may be able to use a citrus-based degreaser. If the paint is old or dried, you may need to use a solvent-based degreaser. If the surface of the shoes is delicate, you will need to use a water-based degreaser. Once you have chosen a degreaser, be sure to follow the instructions on the product label carefully.

Professional Shoe Cleaning

If you’re dealing with a stubborn paint stain on your shoes, it’s best to seek professional help. A professional shoe cleaner will have the expertise and equipment to remove the paint without damaging your shoes.

9. Cleaning Different Types of Paint

The type of paint that stained your shoes will determine the best cleaning method. Here’s how to approach the different types of paint:

Paint Type Cleaning Method
Oil-based Use a solvent like acetone or paint thinner. Test the solvent in an inconspicuous area before applying it to the stain.
Latex Wipe off as much paint as possible with a damp cloth. If the stain persists, use a mild detergent or soap and water solution.
Acrylic Similar to latex paint, damp wipes can remove most stains. For tougher stains, use rubbing alcohol or a nail polish remover that contains acetone.
Spray paint Use rubbing alcohol or a solvent like acetone. Test the solvent on a small area first to avoid damage.

Preventative Measures

To avoid the hassle of removing paint from shoes, take these precautionary steps:

  1. Protect with Tape: Before painting nearby surfaces, apply painter’s tape to shoes to create a barrier.
  2. Cover with Socks or Plastic: Wear old socks or wrap plastic bags around shoes for added protection.
  3. Stay Away from Footwear: Keep shoes away from painting areas to minimize the chances of accidental spills.
  4. Use Drop Cloths: Place drop cloths around the painting area to catch any stray paint.
  5. Ventilate the Area: Keep the area well-ventilated to minimize paint fumes and prevent paint from adhering to shoes.
  6. Choose Water-Based Paint: Opt for water-based paints as they are easier to remove from surfaces, including shoes.
  7. Wear Closed-Toe Shoes: During painting, wear closed-toe shoes to protect feet and shoes from paint splashes.
  8. Clean Paintbrushes Thoroughly: After painting, clean paintbrushes thoroughly to prevent paint from getting on shoes during storage.
  9. Store Paint Safely: Keep paint cans securely closed to prevent spills and potential contact with shoes.
  10. Act Quickly: In the event of paint spills on shoes, act promptly to remove it before it dries and hardens.

How To Get Paint Off Shoe

Getting paint on your shoes is a frustrating experience, but it doesn’t have to ruin your day. With the right tools and techniques, you can remove paint from your shoes and restore them to their original condition. Here are some tips on how to get paint off shoes:

1. Choose the right cleaning agent. The best cleaning agent for removing paint from shoes will depend on the type of paint and the material of your shoes. For water-based paints, you can use a mild detergent or dish soap. For oil-based paints, you will need a stronger solvent, such as rubbing alcohol or acetone. Be sure to test the cleaning agent on a small area of your shoe before using it on the entire shoe.

2. Apply the cleaning agent to the paint. Once you have chosen a cleaning agent, apply it to the paint stain using a cotton ball or a soft cloth. Gently rub the cleaning agent into the stain, taking care not to damage the material of your shoes.

3. Rinse the shoe. Once you have applied the cleaning agent, rinse the shoe thoroughly with water. Be sure to remove all of the cleaning agent, as any residue can damage your shoes.

4. Dry the shoe. After rinsing the shoe, dry it thoroughly with a clean towel. Be sure to allow the shoe to dry completely before wearing it.

People Also Ask About How To Get Paint Off Shoe

How do you get dry paint off shoes?

To remove dry paint from shoes, you can use a nail polish remover or a rubbing alcohol. Apply the nail polish remover or rubbing alcohol to a cotton ball or a soft cloth, and then gently rub the cotton ball or cloth over the paint stain. The nail polish remover or rubbing alcohol will help to dissolve the paint, and you should be able to wipe it away with a clean cloth.

How do you get spray paint off shoes?

To remove spray paint from shoes, you can use a graffiti remover or a rubbing alcohol. Apply the graffiti remover or rubbing alcohol to a cotton ball or a soft cloth, and then gently rub the cotton ball or cloth over the paint stain. The graffiti remover or rubbing alcohol will help to dissolve the paint, and you should be able to wipe it away with a clean cloth.

How do you get acrylic paint off shoes?

To remove acrylic paint from shoes, you can use a rubbing alcohol or a nail polish remover. Apply the rubbing alcohol or nail polish remover to a cotton ball or a soft cloth, and then gently rub the cotton ball or cloth over the paint stain. The rubbing alcohol or nail polish remover will help to dissolve the paint, and you should be able to wipe it away with a clean cloth.

4 Ways to Remove Sharpie From Fingernails

5 Easy Ways to Remove Paint from Shoes

Have you ever gotten Sharpie on your fingernails and wondered how to get it off? Sharpie is a permanent marker, so it can be difficult to remove from surfaces like skin and nails. However, there are a few simple methods you can try to get Sharpie off your fingernails without damaging them. In this article, we will discuss three effective ways to remove Sharpie from your fingernails.

One of the most common methods for removing Sharpie from fingernails is using rubbing alcohol. Rubbing alcohol is a solvent, which means it can help break down the ink in the Sharpie. To use rubbing alcohol to remove Sharpie from your fingernails, simply apply a small amount of the alcohol to a cotton ball or swab and rub it over the stained area. The Sharpie should start to come off easily. If the stain is still visible, you can repeat the process until it is completely removed.

Another effective way to remove Sharpie from fingernails is using nail polish remover. Nail polish remover is also a solvent, so it can help break down the ink in the Sharpie. To use nail polish remover to remove Sharpie from your fingernails, simply apply a small amount of the remover to a cotton ball or swab and rub it over the stained area. The Sharpie should start to come off easily. However, it is important to note that nail polish remover can be harsh on your nails, so it is important to use it sparingly. If you have sensitive nails, you may want to try a different method.

Household Cleaning Agents

There are several household cleaning agents that can be used to remove Sharpie from fingernails effectively. These agents include:

1. Rubbing Alcohol
Rubbing alcohol (isopropyl alcohol) is a powerful solvent that can dissolve the pigment in Sharpie ink. To use rubbing alcohol to remove Sharpie from fingernails, follow these steps:

  1. Apply rubbing alcohol to a cotton ball or paper towel.
  2. Gently rub the cotton ball or paper towel over the Sharpie stain on your fingernail.
  3. Repeat steps 1 and 2 as necessary until the stain is removed.
  4. Wash your hands thoroughly with soap and water.

Note: Rubbing alcohol can be drying, so it is important to moisturize your hands after using it.

2. Nail Polish Remover
Nail polish remover is another effective solvent that can be used to remove Sharpie from fingernails. To use nail polish remover to remove Sharpie from fingernails, follow these steps:

  1. Apply nail polish remover to a cotton ball or paper towel.
  2. Gently rub the cotton ball or paper towel over the Sharpie stain on your fingernail.
  3. Repeat steps 1 and 2 as necessary until the stain is removed.
  4. Wash your hands thoroughly with soap and water.

Note: Nail polish remover can be harsh on your nails, so it is important to use a gentle nail polish remover and to moisturize your nails after using it.

3. Hairspray
Hairspray can also be used to remove sharpie from fingernails. To do this, spray a small amount of hairspray onto a cotton ball or paper towel. Then, rub the cotton ball or paper towel over the sharpie stain on your fingernail. The hairspray will help to break down the ink and remove it from your nail. You may need to repeat this process several times to completely remove the stain.

4. Hand Sanitizer
Hand sanitizer can also be used to remove sharpie from fingernails. To do this, apply a small amount of hand sanitizer to a cotton ball or paper towel. Then, rub the cotton ball or paper towel over the sharpie stain on your fingernail. The hand sanitizer will help to break down the ink and remove it from your nail.

Toothpaste

Toothpaste is a commonly found item in most households, and it can be an effective way to remove nail polish. Apply a small amount of toothpaste to the stained area and rub it in gently with a cotton ball or soft cloth until the stain is gone. Rinse your nails with warm water and pat them dry.

Toothpaste can be abrasive, so it is important to use it gently to avoid damaging the nail bed. If the stain does not come off easily, you can try adding a bit of baking soda to the toothpaste. Baking soda is a mild abrasive that can help to remove tough stains.

Pros
  • Common household item
  • Inexpensive
  • Effective on most stains
Cons
  • Can be abrasive
  • May not remove all types of stains

Lemon Juice

Lemon juice is a natural bleaching agent that can help to remove Sharpie stains from fingernails. To use lemon juice to remove Sharpie stains, follow these steps:

  1. Cut a lemon in half.
  2. Rub the lemon juice over the Sharpie stain.
  3. Let the lemon juice sit on the stain for 10-15 minutes.
  4. Rinse the lemon juice off with water.

If the Sharpie stain is still visible after using lemon juice, you can repeat the process. You can also try using a stronger bleaching agent, such as hydrogen peroxide or bleach. However, be sure to test the bleaching agent on a small area of skin before using it on your entire nail.

Tips for Using Lemon Juice to Remove Sharpie Stains

  • Use fresh lemon juice for best results.
  • Do not use lemon juice on nails that are damaged or irritated.
  • If you have sensitive skin, you may want to dilute the lemon juice with water.
  • Be patient. It may take several applications of lemon juice to remove the Sharpie stain completely.

Baking Soda

Baking soda is a common household item that can be used to remove Sharpie from fingernails. It is a mild abrasive that will gently scrub away the ink without damaging the nail. To use baking soda, make a paste by mixing it with a little water. Apply the paste to the stained nail and let it sit for a few minutes. Then, scrub the nail with a soft brush or cloth until the ink is removed.

To remove Sharpie stains from fingernails using baking soda, follow these steps:

Steps Description
1 Cut a lemon in half.
2 Rub the lemon juice over the Sharpie stain.
3 Let the lemon juice sit on the stain for 10-15 minutes.
4 Rinse the lemon juice off with water.
Step Instructions
1 Make a paste by mixing baking soda with a little water.
2 Apply the paste to the stained nail and let it sit for a few minutes.
3 Scrub the nail with a soft brush or cloth until the ink is removed.
4 Rinse the nail with water and dry it with a towel.
5 If the stain is still visible, repeat steps 1-4. You may need to scrub the nail for several minutes to remove all of the ink.

Alcohol-Based Hand Sanitizer

Alcohol-based hand sanitizers are often effective in removing Sharpie from fingernails. The high alcohol content helps to dissolve the ink, making it easier to wipe away. To use this method, simply apply a small amount of hand sanitizer to a cotton ball or paper towel, and then rub it gently over the stained nail. Be sure to rinse your nail thoroughly with water afterwards to remove any remaining sanitizer residue.

Here are some additional tips for using alcohol-based hand sanitizer to remove Sharpie from fingernails:

  1. Use a hand sanitizer with a high alcohol content (at least 60%).
  2. Apply the hand sanitizer to a cotton ball or paper towel, not directly to your nail.
  3. Rub the cotton ball or paper towel over the stained nail in a circular motion.
  4. Be patient. It may take several applications to completely remove the Sharpie.
  5. Rinse your nail thoroughly with water after using hand sanitizer.

If you are unable to remove the Sharpie from your nail using alcohol-based hand sanitizer, you can try one of the other methods described in this article.

Hydrogen Peroxide

Hydrogen peroxide is a versatile household cleaning agent that can also be used to remove nail polish and sharpie. It works by breaking down the pigments in the ink, making them easier to remove.

To use hydrogen peroxide to remove sharpie from your fingernails, follow these steps:

1. Apply a small amount of hydrogen peroxide to a cotton ball or swab.

2. Rub the cotton ball or swab over the sharpie stain.

3. Allow the hydrogen peroxide to sit for a few minutes.

4. Wipe away the hydrogen peroxide with a damp cloth.

5. Repeat steps 1-4 until the sharpie stain is removed.

If the sharpie stain is particularly stubborn, you may need to soak your nails in hydrogen peroxide for a longer period of time. To do this, follow these steps:

1. Pour a small amount of hydrogen peroxide into a bowl.

2. Soak your nails in the hydrogen peroxide for 10-15 minutes.

3. Scrub your nails with a soft toothbrush.

4. Rinse your nails with water.

Here is a table summarizing the steps for removing sharpie from your fingernails using hydrogen peroxide:

Step Instructions
1 Apply a small amount of hydrogen peroxide to a cotton ball or swab.
2 Rub the cotton ball or swab over the sharpie stain.
3 Allow the hydrogen peroxide to sit for a few minutes.
4 Wipe away the hydrogen peroxide with a damp cloth.
5 Repeat steps 1-4 until the sharpie stain is removed.

Buffing with a Nail File

Buffing is an effective way to remove Sharpie from fingernails, as it gently abrades the surface of the nail to remove the stain. However, it’s important to note that buffing can also thin the nail, so it should be used with caution.

Materials:

  • Fine-grit nail file
  • Nail buffer (optional)

Steps:

  1. Gather your materials. Make sure to use a fine-grit nail file to avoid damaging your nails.
  2. Wash your hands and nails. This will help to remove any dirt or debris that could clog your nail file.
  3. Start buffing. Gently move the nail file back and forth across the stained area of your nail.
  4. Apply light pressure. Do not press too hard, as this could damage your nails.
  5. Buff in short strokes. This will help to prevent the nail file from snagging on your nails.
  6. Buff in one direction. Do not move the nail file back and forth, as this could create tiny scratches in your nails.
  7. Continue buffing until the stain is removed. This may take several minutes.
  8. Use a nail buffer (optional). If the stain is still visible, you can use a nail buffer to gently smooth the surface of your nails.
  9. Wash your hands and nails. This will help to remove any dust or debris from your nails.
  10. Moisturize your nails. This will help to keep them healthy and prevent them from becoming dry and brittle.

How To Get Sharpie Off Fingernails

Sharpie is a permanent marker that is often used to write on surfaces like paper, plastic, and metal. However, it can also be difficult to remove from fingernails, especially if it has been on for a while. There are a few different ways to get Sharpie off fingernails, depending on the severity of the stain.

One way to remove Sharpie from fingernails is to use a nail polish remover. This should be done carefully, as nail polish remover can be harsh on the skin. Apply a small amount of nail polish remover to a cotton ball or swab, and then rub it gently over the stained area. Be sure to rinse your hands thoroughly after using nail polish remover.

If nail polish remover does not work, you can try using rubbing alcohol. Rubbing alcohol is less harsh than nail polish remover, but it can still be effective at removing Sharpie stains. Apply a small amount of rubbing alcohol to a cotton ball or swab, and then rub it gently over the stained area. Rinse your hands thoroughly after using rubbing alcohol.

If neither nail polish remover nor rubbing alcohol works, you can try using a magic eraser. Magic erasers are made of a special material that is effective at removing stains from a variety of surfaces. Wet a magic eraser slightly, and then rub it gently over the stained area. Rinse your hands thoroughly after using a magic eraser.

People Also Ask About How To Get Sharpie Off Fingernails

How do you get Sharpie off acrylic nails?

To get Sharpie off acrylic nails, you can use a cotton ball or swab dipped in nail polish remover or rubbing alcohol. Gently rub the stained area until the Sharpie is removed. Be sure to rinse your hands thoroughly after using nail polish remover or rubbing alcohol.

How do you get Sharpie off gel nails?

To get Sharpie off gel nails, you can use a cotton ball or swab dipped in acetone. Gently rub the stained area until the Sharpie is removed. Be sure to rinse your hands thoroughly after using acetone.

How do you get Sharpie off natural nails?

To get Sharpie off natural nails, you can use a cotton ball or swab dipped in nail polish remover, rubbing alcohol, or a magic eraser. Gently rub the stained area until the Sharpie is removed. Be sure to rinse your hands thoroughly after using any of these methods.