Pipe threading is a critical skill for plumbers and other tradespeople who work with pipes. It creates a seal between two pipes, preventing them from leaking. Pipe threading can be done by hand or with a pipe threading machine. If you are new to pipe threading, it is important to learn the basics before you start working on a project.
The first step in pipe threading is to select the correct size and type of pipe threader. There are many different types of pipe threaders, each designed for a specific size and type of pipe. Once you have selected the correct pipe threader, you need to secure the pipe in the threader. The pipe should be held firmly in place so that it does not move while you are threading it.
Once the pipe is secured in the threader, you can begin threading the pipe. The process of threading a pipe involves cutting a spiral groove into the end of the pipe. The groove must be the correct size and shape in order to create a seal between two pipes. Pipe threading can be done by hand or with a pipe threading machine. If you are threading a pipe by hand, you will need to use a pipe threader that has a cutting die. The cutting die will cut the groove into the end of the pipe. If you are threading a pipe with a pipe threading machine, the machine will automatically cut the groove into the end of the pipe.
Preparation: Gathering Materials and Preparing Piping
Materials required:
To effectively thread piping, you will need to gather an array of essential materials. These include:
| Item | Purpose |
|---|---|
| Piping | The primary material being threaded. |
| Threader | Specialized tool used to create threads on the pipe. |
| Cutting tool | For precise cutting of pipes. |
| Deburring tool | Removes rough edges from the cut pipe ends. |
| Pipe dope or thread sealant | Improves the seal of threaded connections. |
| Rags or cleaning cloths | For cleaning the pipe and materials. |
| Safety glasses | Protect eyes from debris. |
| Gloves | Protect hands from sharp edges and chemicals. |
Preparing the piping:
Prior to threading, the piping must be prepared to ensure proper fit and performance. Follow these steps:
- Measure and cut: Determine the desired length of piping and mark it with a measuring tape. Use a cutting tool to make a clean, perpendicular cut.
- Deburr the edges: Use a deburring tool to remove any sharp edges or burrs from the cut ends of the pipe. This prevents damage to the threading tool and ensures a smooth thread.
- Clean the pipe and materials: Wipe down the piping, threader, and pipe dope with a rag or cleaning cloth. Remove any dirt, grease, or debris to prevent contamination.
Measuring and Cutting Fabric for Piping
Measuring and cutting fabric for piping is a precise process that requires careful attention to detail. To ensure that the piping is the correct size and shape, it is essential to follow these steps accurately.
1. Determine the Required Length of Fabric
Measure the length of the edge or seam that will be covered with piping. Add approximately 10-15% to the length to account for shrinkage and waste during sewing. This extra fabric will allow for any mistakes that may occur during the cutting or sewing process.
2. Cut the Fabric Bias Strips
Cut the fabric into bias strips that are 45 degrees to the original grain line of the fabric. This will ensure that the piping has a smooth curve and prevents it from fraying or stretching. The width of the bias strips should be twice the desired finished size of the piping, including the seam allowance.
To cut accurate bias strips, follow these steps:
| Step | Instructions |
|---|---|
| 1 | Fold the fabric in half diagonally, aligning the selvages. |
| 2 | Press the fold to create a crease. |
| 3 | Open up the fabric and mark a line 45 degrees to the fold. |
| 4 | Cut along the marked line to create a bias strip. |
Continue cutting bias strips until you have enough fabric for the desired length of piping.
Creating the Bias Tape
Bias tape is a type of fabric strip cut at a 45-degree angle to the grain line. This allows it to stretch and conform to curves, making it ideal for binding edges, making piping, and adding decorative details to garments and home decor items.
Steps for Creating Bias Tape:
- Measure the Desired Width: Determine the desired width of the bias tape and add 1/2 inch for seam allowances.
- Cut the Fabric on the Bias: Cut a rectangular piece of fabric with the length being twice the desired finished length of the bias tape and the width being the width plus the seam allowances. Fold the fabric in half diagonally, aligning the selvedge edges. Draw a line along the fold and cut along the line to create two triangles.
- Join the Triangles: Sew the two triangles together along the diagonal edge using a 1/4-inch seam allowance. Press the seam open. Trim any excess fabric from the edges.
- Fold the Bias Tape: Fold the bias tape in half lengthwise, bringing the edges together. Press the fold to create a crease.
- Fold the Edges Over: Fold each edge of the bias tape over 1/4 inch to the wrong side. Press the folds to secure.
- Stitch the Edges: Sew the edges together close to the folded edge using a 1/16-inch seam allowance. This will create the casing for the piping cord.
- Bias tape
- Cording or piping
- Needle
- Thread
- Fold the bias tape in half lengthwise, with the wrong sides together.
- Align the raw edge of the bias tape with the edge of the cording or piping.
- Insert a needle through the folded edge of the bias tape, next to the cording or piping.
- Bring the needle up through the other folded edge of the bias tape, approximately 1/8 inch away from the first stitch.
Stitch Placement: Approximately 1/8 inch from the first stitch and parallel to it. Stitch Length: Small, even stitches that securely hold the cording or piping in place. Tension: Tight enough to prevent the cording or piping from shifting but not so tight that the bias tape gathers. - Continue stitching around the cording or piping, inserting the needle through the bias tape on either side of the cording or piping and bringing it up through the other side.
- Leave approximately 2 inches of untaped cord or piping at both ends to allow for easy attachment.
- A pipe threading machine
- A pipe cutter
- A reamer
- Cutting oil
| Bias Tape Width | Fabric Rectangle Size |
|---|---|
| 1/2 inch | 1 1/2 x 4 inches |
| 3/4 inch | 2 1/4 x 4 inches |
| 1 inch | 3 x 4 inches |
Inserting Cording into the Bias Tape
This technique creates a decorative and textured edge by adding a cord or piping to the bias tape. It is a versatile method that can be used on various garments and home decor items.
Materials:
Instructions:
The result is a narrow channel with the cording or piping securely held in place by the bias tape.
Finishing and Securing the Piping
Once the piping is threaded, it’s time to finish and secure it.
Flaring the Ends
If the piping will be connected to a flared fitting, the ends need to be flared using a flaring tool. Insert the pipe into the tool and tighten the tool around the pipe. Then, use a hammer to strike the flaring tool, gradually expanding the pipe until it matches the diameter of the fitting.
Tapering the Ends
If the piping will be joined using a tapered thread, the ends need to be tapered using a pipe taper tool. Insert the pipe into the tool and tighten the tool around the pipe. Then, use a wrench to turn the tool, gradually tapering the end of the pipe until it matches the angle of the thread.
Joining the Pipes
Apply pipe dope or thread sealant to the threads of the piping. Screw the pipes together by hand until they’re snug. Then, use a pipe wrench to tighten the connection further. Turn the wrench at least 3 full turns to ensure a secure joint.
Reinforcing the Joint
For added strength, you can reinforce the joint using a pipe coupling. Place the coupling over the connection and tighten it using a pipe wrench. This will help prevent the joint from loosening or leaking over time.
Pressure Testing
Once the piping is connected, it’s important to test it for leaks. Close off all outlets and valves, then pressurize the system using a hand pump or air compressor. Check all the joints for leaks using a soap and water solution. If any bubbles appear, tighten the joint or replace the sealant.
| Fitting Type | Thread Type |
|---|---|
| Flared | Flared |
| Tapered | Tapered |
Piping Techniques for Cutting and Assembling
To create beautiful piping, precision is key. Here are the steps to ensure accurate cutting and assembly:
Measuring and Cutting the Piping Strips
Determine the length of the piping needed by measuring the desired area where it will be applied. Cut two strips of fabric, each one inch longer than the measured length.
Assembling the Piping Cords
Choose a cord that complements the fabric and is slightly thicker than the width of the piping strip. Insert the cord into one of the fabric strips, aligning the raw edge with the center of the cord. Fold the other fabric strip over the cord, aligning the raw edges, and pin it securely.
Sewing the Piping
Stitch the piping strip close to the cord, using a zipper foot or a special piping foot. Ensure that the stitching secures both fabric layers and the cord.Trim the excess fabric close to the stitching.
Inserting the Piping into the Seam
Position the piping between the two fabric pieces, aligning the raw edges of the piping with the raw edges of the seam. Pin the piping in place on both sides of the seam.
Sewing the Seam
Stitch the seam close to the piping, ensuring that the stitching secures both fabric layers and the piping. Trim any excess fabric or piping.
Finishing the Piping
To enhance the appearance of the piping, topstitch along both sides of the piping, about 1/8 inch from the edge. This will help to secure the piping and create a decorative touch.
Ironing and Pressing Piping
To prepare the piping for insertion into seams or other fabric features, it must be carefully ironed and pressed. This is done in the following steps:
1. Set the Iron to the Appropriate Temperature
Choose the correct temperature setting for the fabric of the piping. Use a dry iron or steam iron with a steam setting suitable for the fabric.
2. Iron the Piping Strip
Lay the piping strip flat on the ironing board and iron it along the length, pressing down lightly to remove any wrinkles or creases.
3. Fold the Piping Strip
Fold the piping strip over itself lengthwise, aligning the raw edges. Press the folded edge with the iron to create a crease.
4. Turn the Piping Strip Right Side Out
Turn the folded piping strip right side out by pulling the raw edges through the opening created by the crease. This will hide the raw edges inside the piping.
5. Press the Piping Seam
Press the seam allowance on the piping strip down flat with the iron. This will help to flatten the seam and give the piping a more professional appearance.
6. Pad the Piping with Fabric Scraps
Cut small strips of fabric scraps to wrap around the piping and prevent it from becoming flattened when pressed. Place the fabric scraps over the piping and press flat with the iron.
7. Press the Piping into a Rounded Shape
To give the piping a rounded shape, use a rounded object such as a dowel, pencil, or knitting needle. Insert the object into the piping and roll the piping over it while pressing with the iron. This will create a slight curve in the piping, making it more decorative and flexible for insertion into seams.
Using Piping for Decorative Accents
Piping is a versatile and elegant design element that can add a touch of sophistication to any room. Here are some creative ways to use piping for decorative accents:
8. Edge Upholstery and Curtains
Piping can be used to create a clean and tailored edge on upholstery and curtains. This adds a polished look to furniture and can help to define the shape of window treatments. For a more dramatic effect, use piping in a contrasting color or texture to the fabric.
| Effect | Piping Type |
|---|---|
| Subtle accent | Matching piping (same fabric as the main fabric) |
| Contrasting detail | Contrasting piping (different color or texture) |
| Textural interest | Piping with a unique texture (e.g., velvet, faux fur) |
| Visual impact | Thick or oversized piping |
When edging upholstery, it’s important to consider the size and shape of the piece. For large sofas or armchairs, a wider piping will create a more substantial look. For smaller pieces, a narrower piping may be more appropriate.
Piping can be applied to the edges of curtains to create a clean and finished look. It can also be used to create decorative headings or swags. When choosing piping for curtains, consider the weight and texture of the fabric. A heavier fabric will require a sturdier piping, while a lighter fabric will benefit from a more delicate piping.
Customizing Piping for Unique Projects
Customizing piping can elevate the visual appeal and functionality of any project. Here are some tips for creating unique and functional piping designs:
1. Choose the Right Material
The material of the piping should complement the project’s style and purpose. Metal piping, such as copper or brass, offers a classic and durable option. PVC or PEX piping is lightweight and affordable, making it suitable for budget-friendly projects.
2. Determine the Pipe Size
The pipe size should be appropriate for the intended application. Consider the flow rate and pressure requirements when selecting the pipe diameter.
3. Use Custom Bends
Custom bends allow you to create intricate and unique piping layouts. These bends can be fabricated by hand or using specialized bending tools.
4. Add Decorative Fittings
Decorative fittings, such as elbows, tees, and flanges, can enhance the piping’s appearance. Choose fittings that match the material and style of the pipe.
5. Incorporate Valves
Valves are essential for controlling the flow of liquids or gases. Choose valves that are compatible with the piping material and application.
6. Use Different Pipe Finishes
Polished, brushed, or painted pipe finishes can create a unique aesthetic. Consider the desired look and texture when selecting the finish.
7. Add Textures and Embellishments
Textures and embellishments, such as knurling or decorative embossing, can add visual interest to the piping. Experiment with different techniques to achieve a customized look.
8. Utilize Non-Standard Colors
Non-standard pipe colors can create a bold and unique statement. Explore a wide range of colors and finishes to find one that complements the project’s design scheme.
9. Mix and Match Materials
Combining different piping materials can create a visually dynamic effect. Experiment with materials such as metal, PVC, and rubber to create unique piping designs.
10. Create Custom Patterns
Pipe patterns can be a striking design element. Use different pipe sizes, bends, and fittings to create intricate geometric patterns or artistic designs. Consider the overall flow and balance of the pattern when planning the layout.
How To Thread Piping
Threading piping is a common task in plumbing, gas fitting, and other trades. It involves cutting threads onto the end of a pipe so that it can be connected to a fitting or another piece of pipe. There are a few different ways to thread pipe, but the most common method is to use a pipe threading machine.
To thread pipe with a pipe threading machine, you will need the following tools:
Once you have gathered your tools, you can begin threading the pipe. First, cut the pipe to the desired length using the pipe cutter. Next, ream the inside of the pipe to remove any burrs or debris. Then, apply cutting oil to the pipe and insert it into the pipe threading machine. Secure the pipe in the machine and start threading by turning the crank.
Continue threading the pipe until the desired length of thread has been created. Once the threading is complete, remove the pipe from the machine and inspect the threads. The threads should be clean and free of burrs. If there are any imperfections, you can use a thread file to smooth them out.
People Also Ask About How To Thread Piping
How do you thread pipe without a machine?
There are a few ways to thread pipe without a machine, but the most common method is to use a hand threading die. A hand threading die is a tool that has a set of cutting teeth that are used to cut threads onto the pipe. To use a hand threading die, you will need to first cut the pipe to the desired length and then ream the inside of the pipe to remove any burrs or debris. Next, apply cutting oil to the pipe and insert it into the hand threading die. Turn the die by hand to cut the threads onto the pipe.
What is the best way to thread pipe?
The best way to thread pipe is to use a pipe threading machine. A pipe threading machine is a power tool that uses a set of cutting dies to cut threads onto the pipe. Pipe threading machines are much faster and more accurate than hand threading dies, and they can be used to thread a wider range of pipe sizes.
How do I know what size die to use for threading pipe?
The size of the die you need to use for threading pipe will depend on the size of the pipe. The diameter of the die should be slightly larger than the diameter of the pipe. You can find the correct size die by consulting a pipe threading chart.
