4 Steps To Use A Bidet With Confidence (For Beginners)

4 Steps To Use A Bidet With Confidence (For Beginners)
How To Ise A Bidet

Step into the realm of personal hygiene and discover the transformative power of a bidet. Embark on a cleansing journey as we delve into the intricacies of using this revolutionary bathroom fixture. From understanding its components to mastering the art of targeted cleaning, this guide will empower you to harness the full potential of your bidet for an elevated daily routine.

Before embarking on this cleansing adventure, familiarize yourself with the anatomy of your bidet. Typically, it comprises a nozzle or sprayer, a control panel, and a water supply connection. The nozzle is the heart of the bidet, responsible for delivering a gentle stream of water to precisely cleanse the desired area. The control panel allows you to adjust water pressure and temperature, tailoring the experience to your preferences. Lastly, the water supply connection ensures a steady flow of water throughout the cleansing process.

With the basics understood, let’s navigate through the steps of using a bidet. Firstly, position yourself comfortably on the toilet seat and adjust the nozzle to an appropriate distance and angle. Engage the water flow and direct the stream towards the target area. Utilize the pressure and temperature controls to achieve a comfortable and thorough cleanse. When finished, gently pat yourself dry with toilet paper or a clean towel. As you embark on this newfound cleansing ritual, remember to maintain a regular cleaning schedule for your bidet to ensure optimal hygiene and functionality.

Selecting the Right Bidet for Your Needs

When choosing a bidet, it’s crucial to consider your individual requirements. Here are some key factors to keep in mind:

Size and Shape: Measure the available space in your bathroom, including the distance between the toilet bowl and the wall. Choose a bidet that fits comfortably and leaves adequate room for maneuvering.

Materials: Bidets are typically made from ceramic, plastic, or stainless steel. Ceramic bidets are durable and easy to clean, but can be more expensive. Plastic bidets are lightweight and affordable, but may not be as durable. Stainless steel bidets offer a modern and hygienic option.

Functionality: Consider the features that are important to you. Some bidets come with adjustable water pressure and temperature, while others offer additional functions such as air drying or a heated seat.

Installation Type: Bidets can be installed in a variety of ways, including floor-mounted, wall-mounted, or free-standing. Floor-mounted bidets are the most common type, with the bidet mounted directly to the floor next to the toilet. Wall-mounted bidets are mounted to the wall, freeing up floor space but requiring stronger walls for support. Free-standing bidets are fully mobile and can be placed anywhere in the bathroom.

Installation Type Pros Cons
Floor-mounted Easy to install
Sturdy and stable
Requires floor space
Wall-mounted Space-saving
Modern look
Requires strong walls
More difficult to install
Free-standing Fully mobile
Versatile placement
Less stable
May require additional plumbing

Accessories: Some bidets come with accessories such as remote controls, caddy holders, or heated seats. These accessories can enhance your bathroom experience and provide added comfort and convenience.

Installing a Bidet Correctly

Installing a bidet is a relatively straightforward process that can be completed in about an hour. However, there are a few things you need to keep in mind to ensure that the installation is done correctly.

1. Choose the Right Bidet

There are many different types of bidets on the market, so it’s important to choose one that is right for your needs. Consider the size of your bathroom, the type of toilet you have, and the features you want.

2. Gather the Necessary Tools

In addition to the bidet, you will need the following tools for installation:

Tool Description
Wrench To tighten the nuts on the bidet
Screwdriver To secure the bidet to the toilet
Plumber’s tape To prevent leaks
Adjustable wrench To loosen and tighten the water supply line

3. Determine the Water Supply Location and Install the T-Valve

Before you begin the installation, you need to determine where the water supply is located. The water supply line for the bidet will need to be connected to the water supply line for the toilet. Once you have located the water supply, you can install the T-valve. The T-valve is the device that will allow you to connect the bidet’s water supply line to the toilet’s water supply line.

To install the T-valve, follow these steps:

  1. Turn off the water supply to the toilet.
  2. Detach the water supply line from the toilet.
  3. Apply plumber’s tape to the threads of the T-valve.
  4. Screw the T-valve onto the water supply line.
  5. Reattach the water supply line to the toilet.
  6. Turn on the water supply to the toilet and check for leaks.

Adjusting the Bidet for Optimal Comfort

Once you’ve installed your bidet, it’s time to adjust it for optimal comfort. Here’s how:

1. Adjust the Nozzle Position

The nozzle should be positioned so that it sprays water directly at your perineal area. Most bidets have an adjustable nozzle that can be moved forward or backward, as well as up or down. Experiment with different positions until you find one that’s comfortable for you.

2. Adjust the Water Pressure

The water pressure should be strong enough to clean you effectively, but not so strong that it’s uncomfortable. Most bidets have a dial or lever that allows you to adjust the water pressure. Start with a low pressure setting and gradually increase it until you find a comfortable level.

3. Adjust the Water Temperature

Most bidets have a built-in water heater that allows you to adjust the water temperature. The ideal temperature for bidet water is lukewarm, but you may prefer a warmer or cooler setting. Experiment with different temperatures until you find one that’s comfortable for you.

4. Advanced Adjustments

Some bidets offer advanced adjustments that allow you to customize your cleaning experience even further. Here are a few examples:

Adjustment Description
Oscillating Nozzle The nozzle moves back and forth to provide a more thorough clean.
Warm Air Dryer A built-in air dryer can help you get dry after using the bidet.
Night Light A night light can help you find the bidet in the dark.

Maintaining and Cleaning Your Bidet

Regular Cleaning

To maintain a clean and hygienic bidet, regular cleaning is crucial. Every few days, use a mild cleaning agent and a soft cloth to wipe down the nozzle, seat, and exterior surfaces of the bidet. For hard-to-reach areas, such as the nozzle’s tip, use a cotton swab dipped in the cleaning solution. Rinse the bidet thoroughly with water after cleaning to remove any residual soap or cleaner.

Monthly Maintenance

Once a month, perform a more thorough cleaning of your bidet. Remove the nozzle head by following the manufacturer’s instructions. Soak the nozzle head in a bowl filled with hot water and a capful of white vinegar for 30 minutes. This will help dissolve any mineral deposits or bacteria buildup. Rinse the nozzle head thoroughly with water and reattach it once it’s dry.

Deep Cleaning

Every 3-6 months, it’s recommended to perform a deep cleaning of your bidet to ensure optimal performance and hygiene. For this, you will need a mild cleaning agent, a soft brush, and white vinegar.

Troubleshooting Common Bidet Issues

1. Not Turning On

Double-check the power source. Verify if it’s connected to a working outlet and the switch is turned on. Ensure the batteries are properly installed if it’s battery-operated.

2. Leaking Water

Inspect the connections and hoses for leaks. Tighten any loose fittings. Check the bidet seat and nozzle for damage or debris that may cause water to escape. If the issue persists, contact the manufacturer for assistance.

3. Insufficient Water Pressure

Adjust the water pressure control on the bidet to increase the water flow. If the pressure is still low, check the water supply to your bathroom. Ensure the valves are fully open and the water pressure is adequate.

4. Nozzle Not Extending

Check if the nozzle is blocked by debris. Gently clean it with a soft cloth or brush. If the nozzle still doesn’t extend, it may be a mechanical issue that requires professional repair.

5. Nozzle Position Too Far/Close

Adjust the nozzle position using the controls on the bidet. Most bidets allow you to move the nozzle forward or backward to find the most comfortable position.

6. Unexpected Spray or No Spray

The water spray can be irregular due to air in the bidet’s plumbing. To resolve this, turn the bidet on while holding the nozzle. Once the water flow becomes steady, release the nozzle.

Step 1: Clean the Nozzle and Seat Use a soft brush dipped in the cleaning agent to thoroughly clean the nozzle and seat. Rinse with water.
Step 2: Clean the Exterior Apply the cleaning agent to a soft cloth and wipe down the exterior surfaces of the bidet.
Step 3: Flush the Internal Plumbing

Fill the bidet’s reservoir with hot water and a cup of white vinegar. Run the bidet for several minutes to flush the solution through the internal plumbing.
Issue Troubleshooting Steps
Weak or no water spray Check water pressure, replace batteries if needed
Leaking water Inspect connections, tighten fittings, check for damage
Nozzle not extending Remove debris, check for mechanical issues
Nozzle position too far/close Adjust using controls
Unexpected spray or no spray Turn on bidet while holding nozzle to release air

Safety Precautions when Using a Bidet

1. Check for Electrical Hazards

If your bidet has an electrical cord, ensure it is properly grounded and not frayed or damaged. Avoid using the bidet if there are visible electrical issues to prevent electrocution.

2. Adjust Water Temperature

Begin by setting the water temperature to lukewarm or room temperature. Gradually increase the temperature as desired, but avoid extreme heat to prevent skin irritation or burns.

3. Test Spray Pressure

Before using the bidet stream on your body, test it on a surface like toilet paper or your hand to adjust the pressure. Choose a comfortable intensity to avoid discomfort or splashing.

4. Keep Dry and Clean

Make sure the bidet and surrounding area are clean before use. If the seat is wet, wipe it down to prevent slipping and accidents.

5. Avoid Soaps and Detergents

Do not use soaps or detergents on the bidet spray nozzle. These chemicals can irritate your skin or damage the device.

6. Clean Regularly

After each use, rinse the bidet nozzle with clean water to prevent bacteria buildup. Periodically deep clean the bidet by following the manufacturer’s instructions.

7. Special Precautions for Specific Conditions

Consult your healthcare provider before using a bidet if you have the following health concerns:

Condition Precautions
Hemorrhoids Use a gentle water stream and avoid prolonged use.
Pregnancy Avoid excessive pressure and limit use to prevent discomfort.
Skin irritation Start with a low water temperature and avoid using the bidet if it aggravates the irritation.

Bidet Sprayers: Handheld Shower Attachments

Bidet sprayers offer a more affordable and flexible alternative to traditional bidets. They attach directly to your toilet’s water supply and feature a handheld spray wand that you can use to direct the water stream precisely. Bidet sprayers are ideal for small bathrooms or for those who prefer a more portable option.

Bidet Toilet Seats: All-in-One Solutions

Bidet toilet seats are an excellent choice for those seeking a more permanent and comprehensive bidet experience. They replace your existing toilet seat with a unit that includes an integrated bidet function. Bidet toilet seats are typically equipped with adjustable water pressure, temperature control, and even self-cleaning features.

Travel Bidets: For On-the-Go Hygiene

Travel bidets are compact, portable bidets that can be easily packed into a backpack or suitcase. They consist of a collapsible bottle or bag that you fill with water and a small nozzle for directing the water stream. Travel bidets are ideal for long trips or for use in public restrooms.

Showerheads with Bidet Functions

Some showerheads incorporate a bidet function, providing the convenience of a bidet without requiring any additional installations. These showerheads feature a retractable nozzle that can be extended to direct a gentle stream of water for personal cleansing.

Bidet Toppers: Removable Seat Attachments

Bidet toppers are temporary seat attachments that can be easily placed on top of your existing toilet seat. They offer a simple and affordable solution for those who do not want to commit to a permanent bidet installation.

Bidet Attachments: Non-Permanent Options

Bidet attachments are similar to bidet sprayers but are designed to be mounted directly onto your toilet bowl. They are typically less expensive than bidet toilet seats and offer a more permanent solution than bidet toppers.

Child-Specific Bidets: Designed for Little Ones

Child-specific bidets are smaller in size and have adjustable water pressure to accommodate the needs of young children. These bidets can help promote hygiene habits and make potty training more comfortable.

Wall-Mounted Bidets: Sleek and Space-Saving

Wall-mounted bidets are installed directly onto the bathroom wall, freeing up floor space. They offer a modern and elegant look and are ideal for small bathrooms or areas where space is limited.

Sensor-Activated Bidets: Hands-Free Operation

Sensor-activated bidets eliminate the need for manual operation. They use motion sensors to detect when a user is seated and automatically start and stop the water flow. This hygienic and convenient feature is particularly beneficial for those with limited mobility or who prefer hands-free operation.

Advanced Bidet Features and Customizations

### 1. Water Jet Adjustment

Customize the strength and angle of the water jet to suit your preferences. Most bidets offer multiple modes, including gentle, massage, and targeted.

### 2. Temperature Control

Regulate the water temperature for a comfortable wash. Some bidets provide adjustable hot and cold streams, while others have pre-set temperature options.

### 3. Self-Cleaning Nozzle

Maintain hygiene by activating the self-cleaning nozzle feature. This ensures that the nozzle is automatically sanitized before and after each use.

### 4. Oscillating Nozzle

Experience a gentle and thorough clean with an oscillating nozzle that moves from side to side during operation.

### 5. Heated Seat

Indulge in a warm and luxurious wash experience with a heated seat feature. This option is especially beneficial during colder months.

### 6. Night Light

Illuminate the bathroom during nighttime use with a built-in night light. This feature provides visibility without disturbing sleep.

### 7. Air Dryer

Eliminate the need for toilet paper with an integrated air dryer. This function gently dries your skin after washing, leaving you feeling fresh and clean.

### 8. Deodorization

Keep your bathroom fresh and odor-free with an activated carbon filter or an ozone generator that neutralizes odors.

### 9. Remote Control

Operate your bidet conveniently from the comfort of your seat with a wireless remote control. Some models allow for smartphone integration for added convenience.

### 10. Water Conservation

Reduce water consumption with customizable wash settings. Some bidets feature a water-saving mode that adjusts the water flow to minimize waste.

How To Ise A Bidet

How To Ise A Bidet

Using a bidet for the first time can be an intimidating experience. After all, it’s not something that most people are accustomed to using. However, once you get the hang of it, you’ll wonder how you ever lived without one. Bidets are a great way to clean yourself after using the toilet. They’re more hygienic than toilet paper, and they can help to reduce the risk of hemorrhoids and other肛门疾病. If you’re thinking about getting a bidet, here’s how to use one.

1. **Adjust the water temperature and pressure.** The first step is to adjust the water temperature and pressure to your liking. Most bidets have a knob or lever that you can use to control the water flow. Start with a low water pressure and gradually increase it until you find a setting that is comfortable for you.
2. **Position yourself on the bidet.** Once the water is adjusted, position yourself on the bidet. You should sit with your back against the back of the bidet and your feet flat on the floor.
3. **Use the nozzle to clean yourself.** The next step is to use the nozzle to clean yourself. The nozzle is usually located at the front of the bidet. Use your hand to gently guide the nozzle to the area that you want to clean.
4. **Rinse yourself off.** Once you’re finished cleaning yourself, rinse yourself off with the water from the bidet. You can use your hand or a washcloth to help you rinse off.
5. **Dry yourself off.** Finally, dry yourself off with a towel.

Benefits of Incorporating a Bidet into Your Routine

Enhanced Hygiene

Bidets provide a more thorough cleaning experience compared to toilet paper alone. The stream of water cleanses the anal and genital areas effectively, removing bacteria and reducing the risk of infections and irritation. This is particularly beneficial for individuals with hemorrhoids, sensitive skin, or those recovering from surgery.

Improved Comfort and Freshness

Using a bidet leaves you feeling cleaner and more refreshed than using toilet paper. The warm water soothes the skin, reducing itching and discomfort. Moreover, bidets help prevent unpleasant odors, promoting a sense of personal hygiene throughout the day.

Environmental Sustainability

Bidets significantly reduce the use of toilet paper, conserving resources and reducing waste. According to the Natural Resources Defense Council, the average person in the United States uses approximately 500 rolls of toilet paper per year. By incorporating a bidet, you can make a substantial contribution to environmental conservation.

Improved Health Outcomes

Regular use of a bidet has been linked to various health benefits. The warm water can promote blood circulation, reducing the risk of hemorrhoids. Additionally, bidets can help prevent urinary tract infections (UTIs) in women by flushing out bacteria that can cause infection.

Benefit Explanation
Enhanced Hygiene Thorough cleaning, reducing bacteria and irritation
Improved Comfort and Freshness Soothed skin, reduced itching and discomfort
Environmental Sustainability Reduced toilet paper consumption, conserving resources
Improved Health Outcomes Reduced risk of hemorrhoids, UTIs, and improved circulation

Installation Process: A Step-by-Step Guide

3. Connect the Bidet to the Toilet

Once the mount is secure, you’ll need to connect the bidet to the toilet’s water supply line. This is typically done by attaching the T-valve to the water supply line and then connecting the bidet hose to the T-valve. Some bidets come with a built-in T-valve, while others require you to purchase a separate one.

Once the bidet is connected to the water supply, you can turn on the water and check for leaks. If there are any leaks, tighten the connections until they are secure.

Step Description
1 Turn off the water supply to the toilet.
2 Flush the toilet to drain any remaining water from the tank.
3 Locate the water supply line that runs to the toilet tank. It is usually a flexible hose made of plastic or metal.
4 Unscrew the water supply line from the toilet tank.
5 Screw the T-valve onto the water supply line.
6 Screw the bidet hose onto the T-valve.
7 Turn on the water supply to the toilet.
8 Check for leaks. If there are any leaks, tighten the connections until they are secure.

Choosing the Right Bidet for Your Needs

Choosing the right bidet for your needs can be a daunting task, but it’s important to take the time to find one that’s the right size, shape, and style for your bathroom. Here are a few things to keep in mind when choosing a bidet:

Size

Bidets come in a variety of sizes, so it’s important to choose one that will fit comfortably in your bathroom. If you have a small bathroom, you may want to consider a wall-mounted bidet or a bidet that can be attached to your toilet. If you have a larger bathroom, you may have more flexibility in terms of size.

Shape

Bidets also come in a variety of shapes, so you can choose one that matches the style of your bathroom. Some bidets are more traditional in shape, while others are more modern. You can also find bidets in a variety of colors, so you can choose one that matches your décor.

Style

Bidets can be either free-standing or wall-mounted. Free-standing bidets are the most common type, and they are typically made of ceramic or porcelain. Wall-mounted bidets are less common, but they can be a good choice for smaller bathrooms. Bidets come with a variety of features, such as heated seats, warm water, and pulsating water jets. You can choose a bidet with the features that are most important to you.

Type of Bidet Pros Cons
Free-Standing Bidet Easy to install, comes in a variety of styles, comfortable to use. Can be more expensive than wall-mounted bidets, takes up more space in the bathroom.
Wall-Mounted Bidet Less expensive than free-standing bidets, takes up less space in the bathroom, easy to clean. Can be more difficult to install, may not be as comfortable to use as free-standing bidets.

Temperature Control: Optimizing Comfort and Hygiene

The temperature of the bidet water plays a crucial role in enhancing both comfort and hygiene. Here’s a detailed guide on how to choose the optimal temperature:

Lukewarm Water (90-100°F):

Lukewarm water is generally the most comfortable temperature for most users. It provides a gentle and soothing sensation, minimizing any potential discomfort associated with cold or hot water. It is also ideal for sensitive areas, as it helps prevent irritation.

Warm Water (100-110°F):

Warm water offers an invigorating experience that can help stimulate circulation and promote hygiene. It is particularly beneficial for those who have poor circulation or experience coldness in their extremities. Warm water can also be effective in removing stubborn deposits from the skin.

Hot Water (110-120°F):

Caution
Hot water should be used with caution, as it can lead to burns or discomfort. It is best suited for quick bursts or for those who prefer a very hot sensation.

Cold Water (60-70°F):

Cold water can be refreshing and stimulating, especially during hot weather or after a strenuous activity. It can help reduce inflammation and tighten the skin. However, prolonged exposure to cold water can lead to discomfort or numbness.

Individual Preferences:

Ultimately, the best water temperature for using a bidet depends on personal preferences and individual needs. Experiment with different temperatures to find what provides the most comfort and hygiene for you.

Maintenance and Care: Ensuring Optimal Performance

Cleaning the Nozzles

Regular cleaning is crucial to prevent mineral buildup and bacteria accumulation. Use a mild, vinegar-based solution to wipe down the nozzles gently. Avoid using harsh chemicals or abrasive cleaning agents.

Descaling the Unit

Mineral deposits can clog the nozzles and affect the water flow. Descale the bidet every 3-6 months by running a vinegar solution through the system. Refer to the manufacturer’s instructions for specific descaling procedures.

Replacing Filters

Some bidets have built-in water filters. Regularly replacing these filters ensures clean and purified water for the spray.

Checking Water Pressure

Optimal water pressure is essential for effective bidet operation. Adjust the water pressure from the toilet’s fill valve or the bidet’s control panel as needed.

Tightening Connections

Over time, connections may loosen, causing leaks. Regularly check and tighten the bidet’s water supply line, nozzle connections, and other fittings to prevent water damage.

Lubricating Moving Parts

Bidets with moving parts, such as nozzles or seats, may benefit from occasional lubrication. Use a silicone-based lubricant to reduce friction and enhance smooth operation.

Checking for Leaks

Inspect the bidet and its connections for leaks after cleaning or maintenance. Address any leaks promptly to prevent water damage.

Troubleshooting Common Issues

Refer to the user manual or consult a qualified technician if you encounter any problems with your bidet. Common issues may include low water pressure, clogged nozzles, or faulty electronics.

Troubleshooting Common Bidet Issues

Water Pressure is Too Low

If your bidet’s water pressure is too low, it may not be able to clean effectively. There are a few things that could be causing this:

  • Weak water supply – Check the water pressure in your home. If it’s low, you may need to adjust the pressure regulator valve or call a plumber.
  • Clogged bidet nozzle – Over time, the bidet nozzle can become clogged with mineral deposits or debris. Clean the nozzle regularly with a soft brush or a vinegar solution.

Water Pressure is Too High

If your bidet’s water pressure is too high, it could be uncomfortable and even cause injury. There are a few things that could be causing this:

  • Improperly installed bidet – Make sure the bidet is installed according to the manufacturer’s instructions.
  • Defective pressure regulator – The pressure regulator valve may be malfunctioning. Replace it with a new one.

Bidet Nozzle is Leaking

If your bidet’s nozzle is leaking, it could be due to a few different things:

  • Loose nozzle – Tighten the nozzle by hand or with a wrench.
  • Damaged nozzle – Inspect the nozzle for any cracks or damage. If it’s damaged, replace it with a new one.

Bidet Seat is Not Heating Up

If your bidet’s seat is not heating up, it could be due to a few different things:

  • Faulty heating element – The heating element may be malfunctioning. Replace it with a new one.
  • Loose wiring – Check the wiring connections to the heating element. Make sure they are tight and secure.

Bidet Remote Not Working

If your bidet’s remote is not working, it could be due to a few different things:

Possible Cause Solution
Dead batteries Replace the batteries.
Damaged remote Contact the bidet manufacturer for a replacement remote.
Faulty receiver Reset the bidet by unplugging it for 10 seconds and then plugging it back in.

Bidet Etiquette: A Guide to Polite Usage

10. Clean the Bidet Properly

After using the bidet, it’s important to clean it thoroughly to maintain hygiene and prevent the spread of bacteria. Use a clean cloth or bidet cleaner to wipe down the nozzle and exterior surfaces. Avoid using abrasive cleaners or harsh chemicals, as they can damage the bidet’s finish. If the bidet has a self-cleaning function, use it regularly to ensure optimal cleanliness.

Bidet Cleaning Checklist

Area Cleaning Method
Nozzle Wipe with clean cloth or bidet cleaner
Exterior Surfaces Wipe with clean cloth or bidet cleaner
Self-Cleaning Function Use regularly to disinfect and clean

11. Be Considerate of Others

When using a bidet in a public or shared space, it’s important to be considerate of others. Avoid excessive spraying or splashing water, and adjust the water pressure to a comfortable level. If the bidet has a heated seat, be mindful of the temperature and avoid setting it too high. Always leave the bidet clean and sanitized for the next user.

How To Use A Bidet

Bidets are becoming increasingly popular in homes around the world. They are a great way to improve your personal hygiene and feel cleaner and fresher. If you’re not sure how to use a bidet, don’t worry – it’s easy! Here are the steps on how to use a bidet:

  1. After using the toilet, sit on the bidet. There should be controls on the side of the bidet that you can use to adjust the water pressure and temperature.
  2. Turn on the water and adjust it to a comfortable temperature. You may also want to adjust the water pressure to your liking.
  3. Use the bidet to clean yourself. You can either use the stream of water to clean yourself directly, or you can use your hand to guide the water. Be sure to clean all areas thoroughly.
  4. When you’re finished, turn off the water and pat yourself dry with a towel.

People Also Ask About How To Use A Bidet

What is the difference between a bidet and a toilet?

A bidet is a separate fixture that is used for cleaning yourself after using the toilet. A toilet is used for waste elimination.

Is it sanitary to use a bidet?

Yes, bidets are sanitary to use. They are designed to clean you thoroughly and prevent the spread of bacteria.

How often should I use a bidet?

You can use a bidet as often as you like. Some people use it every time they use the toilet, while others only use it occasionally.

Can I use a bidet if I have hemorrhoids?

Yes, bidets can be helpful for people with hemorrhoids. The cool water can help to soothe and reduce inflammation.